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| 1094 |
| | | Rodrigo Diaz, known as El Cid, drives out the Muslims and wins Valencia | |
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| 1095 |
| | | Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade, urging the Christians of Europe to march east to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims | |
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| 1096 |
| | | Peter the Hermit, an old monk on a donkey, leads the largest of the popular groups from Germany on the first crusade | |
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| 1096 |
| | | The German crusade begins with a massacre of Jews in many of the region's cities | |
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| c. 1098 |
| | | Benedictine monks, wishing to return to the early ideals of the order, form a community at Cîteaux which becomes the Cistercian order | |
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| 1098 |
| | | After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Konya, in central Turkey, becomes the capital of the Seljuk Turks, who call themselves sultans of Rum | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | The Assassins, a sect of Nizari Ismailis, begin to acquire strongholds in Persia | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | Many of the towns of northern Italy acquire virtual independence as self-governing communes | |
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